DoS (Denial of Service)
This includes vulnerabilities ranging from excessive resource consumption (e.g. causing a system to use a lot of memory) to crashing an application or an entire system.
System access
This covers vulnerabilities where malicious people are able to gain system access and execute arbitrary code with the privileges of a local user.
Exposure of sensitive information
Vulnerabilities where documents or credentials are leaked or can be revealed either locally or from remote.
Security Bypass
This covers vulnerabilities or security issues where malicious users or people can bypass certain security mechanisms of the application.
The actual impact varies significantly depending on the design and purpose of the affected application.
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